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- ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111)))) ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111))))
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-
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- NNNNAAAAMMMMEEEE
- find - find files
-
- SSSSYYYYNNNNOOOOPPPPSSSSIIIISSSS
- ffffiiiinnnndddd path-name-list [ expression ]
-
- DDDDEEEESSSSCCCCRRRRIIIIPPPPTTTTIIIIOOOONNNN
- _f_i_n_d recursively descends the directory hierarchy for each pathname in
- the _p_a_t_h-_n_a_m_e-_l_i_s_t (that is, one or more pathnames) seeking files that
- match a boolean _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n written in the primaries given below. If the
- expression does not contain at least one of ----pppprrrriiiinnnntttt, ----ooookkkk, or ----eeeexxxxeeeecccc,
- including the case of a null expression, a ----pppprrrriiiinnnntttt is implicit. In the
- descriptions, the argument _n is used as a decimal integer where ++++_n means
- more than _n, ----_n means less than _n, and _n means exactly _n. Valid
- expressions are:
-
- ----nnnnaaaammmmeeee _f_i_l_e True if _f_i_l_e matches the current filename. Normal shell
- argument syntax can be used if escaped (watch out for [[[[,
- ????, and ****).
-
- ----ppppeeeerrrrmmmm [----]_m_o_d_e True if the file permission flags exactly match the file
- mode given by _m_o_d_e which can be an octal number or a
- symbolic expression of the form used in _c_h_m_o_d(1)). If
- _m_o_d_e is prefixed by a minus sign, only the bits that are
- set in _m_o_d_e are compared with the file permission flags,
- and the expression evaluates true if they match.
-
- ----ttttyyyyppppeeee _c True if the type of the file is _c, where _c is bbbb, cccc, dddd,
- llll, pppp, ffff, or ssss for block special file, character special
- file, directory, symbolic link, fifo (a.k.a named pipe),
- plain file, or socket respectively.
-
- ----lllliiiinnnnkkkkssss _n True if the file has _n links.
-
- ----uuuusssseeeerrrr _u_n_a_m_e True if the file belongs to the user _u_n_a_m_e. If _u_n_a_m_e is
- numeric and does not appear as a login name in the
- /_e_t_c/_p_a_s_s_w_d file, it is taken as a user ID.
-
- ----nnnnoooouuuusssseeeerrrr True if the file belongs to a user not in the
- /_e_t_c/_p_a_s_s_w_d file.
-
- ----ggggrrrroooouuuupppp _g_n_a_m_e True if the file belongs to the group _g_n_a_m_e. If _g_n_a_m_e
- is numeric and does not appear in the /_e_t_c/_g_r_o_u_p file,
- it is taken as a group ID.
-
- ----nnnnooooggggrrrroooouuuupppp True if the file belongs to a group not in the
- /_e_t_c/_g_r_o_u_p file.
-
- ----pppprrrroooojjjj _p_r_o_j_n_a_m_e True if the file has a project ID of _p_r_o_j_n_a_m_e. If
- _p_r_o_j_n_a_m_e is numeric and does not appear in the
- /_e_t_c/_p_r_o_j_i_d file, it is taken as a project ID.
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 1111
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111)))) ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111))))
-
-
-
- ----nnnnoooopppprrrroooojjjj True if the file has a project ID not in the /_e_t_c/_p_r_o_j_i_d
- file.
-
- ----ssssiiiizzzzeeee [++++----]n[cccc] True if the file is _n blocks long (512 bytes per block).
- If _n is followed by a cccc, the size is in characters.
-
- ----iiiinnnnuuuummmm _n True if _n is the inode number of the file.
-
- ----aaaattttiiiimmmmeeee [++++----]_n True if the file was accessed _n days ago. The
- definition of _n days ago is any time within the interval
- beginning exactly _n*24 hours ago and ending exactly
- (_n-1)*24 hours ago. The ++++ and ---- prefixes signify more
- or less than _n days ago, respectively, thus ++++_n means
- more than _n*24 hours ago, and ----_n means less than _n*24
- hours ago. (See _s_t_a_t(2) for a description of which file
- operations change the access time of a file.) The
- access time of directories in _p_a_t_h-_n_a_m_e-_l_i_s_t is changed
- by _f_i_n_d itself.
-
- ----mmmmttttiiiimmmmeeee [++++----]_n True if the file was modified _n days ago. See ----aaaattttiiiimmmmeeee
- for definition of "_n days ago". (See _s_t_a_t(2) for a
- description of which file operations change the
- modification time of a file.)
-
- ----ccccttttiiiimmmmeeee [++++----]_n True if the file was changed _n days ago. See ----aaaattttiiiimmmmeeee for
- definition of "_n days ago". (See _s_t_a_t(2) for a
- description of which file operations change the change
- time of a file.)
-
- ----eeeexxxxeeeecccc _c_m_d True if the executed _c_m_d returns a zero value as exit
- status. The end of _c_m_d must be punctuated by an escaped
- semicolon. A command argument {{{{}}}} is replaced by the
- current pathname.
-
- ----ooookkkk _c_m_d Like ----eeeexxxxeeeecccc except that the generated command line is
- printed with a question mark first, and is executed only
- if the user responds by typing yyyy.
-
- ----pppprrrriiiinnnntttt Always true; causes the current pathname to be printed.
-
- ----ccccppppiiiioooo _d_e_v_i_c_e Always true; write the current file on _d_e_v_i_c_e in _c_p_i_o(1)
- format (5120-byte records). ffffiiiinnnndddd ----ccccppppiiiioooo issues a warning
- if it encounters a file larger than two gigabytes.
- _c_p_i_o(1) must be used to archive files of this size.
-
- ----nnnnccccppppiiiioooo _d_e_v_i_c_e same as _----_cccc_pppp_iiii_oooo option except archive is written in the
- _cccc_pppp_iiii_oooo _----_cccc format.
-
- ----nnnneeeewwwweeeerrrr _f_i_l_e True if the current file has been modified more recently
- than the argument _f_i_l_e (see _s_t_a_t(2) for a description of
- which file operations change the modification time of a
- file).
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 2222
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111)))) ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111))))
-
-
-
- ----aaaannnneeeewwwweeeerrrr _f_i_l_e True if current file has been accessed more recently
- than the argument _f_i_l_e (see _s_t_a_t(2) for a description of
- which file operations change the access time of a file).
-
- ----ccccnnnneeeewwwweeeerrrr _f_i_l_e True if current file has been changed more recently than
- the argument _f_i_l_e (see _s_t_a_t(2) for a description of
- which file operations change the change time of a file).
-
- ----ddddeeeepppptttthhhh Always true; causes descent of the directory hierarchy
- to be done so that all entries in a directory are acted
- on before the directory itself. This can be useful when
- _f_i_n_d is used with _c_p_i_o(1) to transfer files that are
- contained in directories without write permission.
-
- ----pppprrrruuuunnnneeee Always true; do not examine any directories or files in
- the directory structure below the _p_a_t_t_e_r_n just matched.
- If the current pathname is a directory, _f_i_n_d does not
- descend into that directory, provided ----ddddeeeepppptttthhhh is not also
- used.
-
- ----mmmmoooouuuunnnntttt Always true; restricts the search to the filesystem
- containing the current element of the _p_a_t_h-_n_a_m_e-_l_i_s_t.
-
- ----ffffssssttttyyyyppppeeee _t_y_p_e True if the filesystem to which the file belongs is of
- type _t_y_p_e.
-
- ----llllooooccccaaaallll True if the file physically resides on the local system;
- causes the search not to descend into remotely mounted
- filesystems.
-
- ----ffffoooolllllllloooowwww Always true; causes the underlying file of a symbolic
- link to be checked rather than the symbolic link itself.
-
- ----llllaaaabbbbeeeellll _l_a_b_e_l True if the file label and _l_a_b_e_l satisfy the _m_a_c__e_q_u_a_l
- label equality relationship. See _d_o_m_i_n_a_n_c_e(5).
-
- ----xxxxllllaaaabbbbeeeellll _l_a_b_e_l True if the file label is exactly identical to _l_a_b_e_l.
- See _d_o_m_i_n_a_n_c_e(5).
-
- ----ddddoooommmmiiiinnnnaaaatttteeeessss _l_a_b_e_l True if the file label dominates _l_a_b_e_l. See
- _d_o_m_i_n_a_n_c_e(5).
-
- ----ddddoooommmmiiiinnnnaaaatttteeeedddd _l_a_b_e_l True if the file label is dominated by _l_a_b_e_l. See
- _d_o_m_i_n_a_n_c_e(5).
-
- \\\\(((( _e_x_p_r_e_s_s_i_o_n \\\\)))) True if the parenthesized expression is true
- (parentheses are special to the shell and must be
- escaped).
-
- The primaries can be combined using the following operators (in order of
- decreasing precedence):
-
-
-
-
- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 3333
-
-
-
-
-
-
- ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111)))) ffffiiiinnnndddd((((1111))))
-
-
-
- +o The negation of a primary (!!!! is the unary nnnnooootttt operator).
-
- +o Concatenation of primaries (the aaaannnndddd operation is implied by the
- juxtaposition of two primaries).
-
- +o Alternation of primaries (----oooo is the oooorrrr operator).
-
- EEEEXXXXAAAAMMMMPPPPLLLLEEEESSSS
- To remove all files named _a._o_u_t or *._o that have not been accessed for a
- week:
-
- _ffff_iiii_nnnn_dddd _//// _\\\\_(((( _----_nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee _aaaa_...._oooo_uuuu_tttt _----_oooo _----_nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee _''''_****_...._oooo_'''' _\\\\_)))) _----_aaaa_tttt_iiii_mmmm_eeee _++++_7777 _----_eeee_xxxx_eeee_cccc _rrrr_mmmm _{{{{_}}}} _\\\\_;;;;
-
- To display all character special devices on the root filesystem except
- those under any _d_e_v directory:
-
- _ffff_iiii_nnnn_dddd _//// _----_mmmm_oooo_uuuu_nnnn_tttt _\\\\_(((( _----_tttt_yyyy_pppp_eeee _dddd _----_nnnn_aaaa_mmmm_eeee _dddd_eeee_vvvv _----_pppp_rrrr_uuuu_nnnn_eeee _\\\\_)))) _----_oooo _----_tttt_yyyy_pppp_eeee _cccc _----_pppp_rrrr_iiii_nnnn_tttt
-
-
- FFFFIIIILLLLEEEESSSS
- /etc/passwd UID information supplier
- /etc/group GID information supplier
- /etc/projid Project ID information supplier
-
- SSSSEEEEEEEE AAAALLLLSSSSOOOO
- chmod(1), cpio(1), sh(1), test(1), stat(2), umask(2), efs(4), xfs(4),
- dominance(5).
-
- BBBBUUUUGGGGSSSS
- ffffiiiinnnndddd //// ----ddddeeeepppptttthhhh always fails with the message:
-
- find: stat failed: : No such file or directory
-
- _f_i_n_d relies on a completely correct directory hierarchy for its search.
- In particular, if a directory's '..' is missing or incorrect, _f_i_n_d fails
- at that point and issue some number of these messages:
-
- stat failed:
-
- ----ddddeeeepppptttthhhh and ----pppprrrruuuunnnneeee do not work together well.
-
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- PPPPaaaaggggeeee 4444
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